Malware, short for malicious software, encompasses a wide range of malicious programs designed to harm or exploit computer systems.
Here are some common types of malware:
Viruses: Self-replicating programs that attach themselves to legitimate executable files. They spread when the infected file is executed.
Worms: Standalone malware that replicates itself to spread to other computers through network vulnerabilities, email, or other means.
Trojan Horses (Trojans): Malware disguised as legitimate software, tricking users into installing them. Once installed, they can perform various malicious activities.
Ransomware: Encrypts files on a user’s system and demands a ransom, usually in cryptocurrency, for the decryption key.
Spyware: Monitors user activities without their knowledge, often for the purpose of collecting sensitive information or delivering targeted advertisements.
Adware: Displays unwanted advertisements on a user’s system, often in the form of pop-ups or banners, and can be bundled with legitimate software.
Keyloggers: Records keystrokes on a compromised system, capturing sensitive information like usernames, passwords, and credit card numbers.
Rootkits: Conceals the presence of malware by modifying or replacing parts of the operating system. They can be challenging to detect and remove.
Botnets: Networks of compromised computers (bots) controlled by a central server (botmaster). Often used for coordinated attacks, spam distribution, or distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks.
Backdoors: Provides unauthorized access to a computer system, allowing attackers to bypass normal authentication and gain control over the system.